In the Netherlands, we define the energy performance for almost energy neutral buildings on the basis of 3 requirements:
1. The maximum energy requirement in kWh per m² of usage area per year
To determine the energy demand, the energy demand for heating and cooling is added. For non-residential buildings, the energy demand for lighting is also added. The energy demand can be met by renewable or fossil energy.
2. The maximum primary fossil energy use, also in kWh per m² of usage area per year
Primary fossil energy consumption is the sum of primary energy consumption for heating, cooling, hot water preparation and ventilators. For non-residential buildings, the primary energy consumption for lighting and humidification (if present) also counts. For both residential and non-residential buildings, if PV panels or other renewable energy sources are present, the generated energy is deducted from the primary energy use.